Höhne based his book on the investigation by the Lüneburg Public Prosecutor's Office against the General Judge of the Luftwaffe and Nazi apologist Manfred Roeder who was involved in the Harnack and Schulze-Boysen cases during World War II and who contributed decisively to the formation of the legend that survived for much of the Cold War period. An example of these was Kennwort: Direktor die Geschichte der Roten Kapelle ( Password: Director The history of the Red Orchestra) written by Heinz Höhne who was a Der Spiegel journalist. In a number of publications, the groups that these two people represented were seen as traitors and spies. However, no organisations' history was so subject to systematic misinformation, and as little recognised, as those resistance groups centered on Arvid Harnack and Harro Schulze-Boysen. In the 1970s there was a growing interest in the various forms of resistance and opposition. This included the groups that took part in the 20 July plot and the White Rose resistance groups. 9.5.2 Belgium, France and Low Countriesįor a long time after World War II, only parts of the German resistance to Nazism had been known to the public within Germany and the world at large.9.4.2 Belgium, France and Low Countries.8.1 Berliners with foreign representatives.7.1.2 Roessler's sources in World War II.To this day, the German public perception of the "Red Orchestra" is characterized by the vested interest in historical revisionism of the post-war years and propaganda efforts of both sides of the Cold War. Although the monitoring of the radios' transmissions by the Funkabwehr would eventually lead to the organisation's destruction, the sophisticated use of the technology enabled the organisation to behave as a network, with the ability to achieve tactical surprise and deliver high-quality intelligence, including the warning of Operation Barbarossa. Trepper used the latest technology, in the form of small wireless radios, to communicate with Soviet intelligence.
#Red orchestra vietnam scout report in series#
Trepper ran a series of clandestine cells for organising agents. The term was also used by the German Abwehr to refer to associated Soviet intelligence networks, working in Belgium, France, United Kingdom and the low countries, that were built up by Leopold Trepper on behalf of the Main Directorate of State Security (GRU). To date, about 400 members are known by name. It was a network of groups and individuals, often operating independently. Contrary to legend, the Red Orchestra was neither directed by Soviet communists nor under a single leadership. They aided Jews and resistance to escape the regime, documented the atrocities of the Nazis, and transmitted military intelligence to the Allies. They printed and distributed prohibited leaflets, posters, and stickers, hoping to incite civil disobedience. These included groups of friends who held discussions that were centred on Harro Schulze-Boysen, Adam Kuckhoff and Arvid Harnack in Berlin, alongside many others. It primarily referred to a loose network of resistance groups, connected through personal contacts, uniting hundreds of opponents of the Nazi regime. The Red Orchestra ( German: Die Rote Kapelle, German: ( listen)), as it was known in Germany, was the name given by the Abwehr Section III.F to anti-Nazi resistance workers in August 1941.
2010 sculpture by Achim Kühn, at Schulze-Boysen-Straße 12, in Lichtenberg, Berlin
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